The original and main name of the 1921 Russo-Persian treaty was the “Friendship” treaty; however, the nature and entity of the Iran-Soviet Union treaty was not friendship and equality, but the continuation of an unequal and hostile relationship that has historically encompassed Iran-Russia relations. The Treaty of Iran and the Soviet Union was signed in February 1921; but February 1921 was the end for the special period of history of Iran, which had begun fourteen years earlier (1906), and for the Soviet Union, the beginning of a path that had begun twelve years earlier (1905). The Qajar’s dynasty in Iran after the failed Constitutional Revolution were getting weaker and weaker and falling, but in the Soviet Union, the revolutionary victorious forces after the October Revolution of 1917 were rising day by day and the new regime emerging from the Marxist revolution was becoming stronger. Thus, ascent was opposed to fall, and emergence was opposed to decline. In other words, Iran was coming to an end during the Qajar era (old order) and the Soviet era of the October Revolution (the new order) was on the rise. The use of the word Friendship in the Iran-Soviet Union treaty had a strategic meaning and marked the beginning of a new era in the old relations between the two neighboring countries; Iran and Russia. However, if we mention the profit-loss equation in concluding a treaty between the two countries (unilateral benefit, unilateral loss, mutual benefit and mutual loss), a look at the 1921 treaty between Iran and the Soviet Union shows that the nature of the treaty, rather than being mutually beneficial, inflicted unilateral damage to the detriment of Iran and it had put and left Iran in a weak position in terms of security several years after the treaty was concluded. Thus, the 1921 Iran-Soviet Union treaty was not a new and anti-colonial treaty but another face of the \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Great Game\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" that had begun between Britain and Russia in the nineteenth century. The behavior of the two great governments of Russia and Britain in Central Asia and Afghanistan in the nineteenth century has been interpreted as a great game. Russia knew it was its natural right to view its territorial and geographical continuity as a \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Near Abroad\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" and to seek it in its sphere of occupation; at the same time, looked to Afghanistan as the way can be effective in India. Britain also considered Afghanistan a \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Guardian Castle\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" of India; at the same time, paid attention to the region of Central Asia. In fact, the 1921 treaty between Iran and the Soviet Union was the final step and the last leaf of the great game taken by Russia, while the final step of the Britain in the great game was the 1919 agreement. A look at the concessions that the Russians allegedly made to Iran in the 1921 treaty shows that the abolition of all the concessions that the Russians had taken from Iran in a colonial and bullying manner was not in itself a concession, but a return to normal relations between the two countries. However, the two concessions made by the Russians in Articles 5 and 6 of the 1921 treaty showed that the Russians, even after the October Revolution of 1917, did not give up their previous claims and continued to seek superior, unjust and one-sided relations between the two countries.

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