Background: Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for repairing bone tissue defects. Furthermore, 3D printing technology offers significant advantages in producing bioengineering scaffolds for patient-specific bone defect treatments. Objectives: The aim of the study is to fabricate and characterize the 3D printed polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL-HA) scaffolds modified with Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF). Methods: The scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing technology to provide a suitable environment for bone regeneration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and compression tests were utilized to characterize the scaffold morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The potential for cell adhesion, proliferation, biocompatibility, and differentiation was also investigated. Results: As a result of the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, 3D printed PCL-HA scaffolds with interconnected pores had a slightly rough surface and improved mechanical properties. Because of the higher hydrophilicity and porosity of the PCL-HA/PRF scaffold compared to the PCL scaffold, bone cell growth on the surface of the PCL-HA/PRF scaffold was observed. The MTT assay results were significantly indicated the cytocompatibility of the PCL-HA/PRF scaffolds over the PCL and PCL-HA scaffolds. Conclusion: The results suggest that the 3D printed PCL-HA scaffolds modified with Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF) may be effective in the regeneration of bone tissue.

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