Internet of energy (IoE) is the future of smart grids. It highly integrates conventional and distributed power energy resources to respond to the growing demand of energy. IoE uses a variety of advanced technologies for measuring and real-time monitoring of the amount of generated and consumed energy, and then performs processing operations on the collected data, to optimally manage energy demand within the network. It also increases the role and interactions of consumers inside the network and also energy usage efficiency by involving different forms of energy within the network. With a highly connected network of information and energy devices and equipment including energy generators, energy storages, energy consumers, energy routers, and data centers, it enables a dynamic and efficient energy management. This chapter starts with presenting conventional power grid challenges and smart grid limitations. Multi-vector Internet of energy (IoE) is introduced to address these issues and to facilitate high penetration of renewable energy resources. The IoE concept, structure, and key components are explained. There are lots of energy devices within the IoE system that produce massive data with high speed that should be collected, stored, managed, processed, and analyzed in real time. Hence, the IoE data features, architectural requirements, challenges, and platforms are discussed. The energy devices within the IoE system are produced by different manufacturers and come with different communication protocols; hence, software-defined networks (SDN) are introduced as a protocol-independent software solution to overcome the challenges of connecting them. Due to the high penetration of renewables in the IoE system, decentralization is one of the main features of the system. Therefore, blockchain as a decentralized technology is studied, and its opportunities and challenges for realizing the IoE system are discussed. Next, transactive IoE is introduced to optimize the use of distributed energy resources to meet the economical and operational goals of the energy producers and end users. Its infrastructure and trading platforms are investigated. Finally, integrated demand response is introduced to allow all users within the IoE system to participate in demand response programs and to increase multi-vector IoE system reliability.

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