Background: Diabetes (type 1 & type 2), is a chronic disease that occurs as a result of impaired insulin production and function which in turn lead to increase level of blood glucose and several complications. Due to side effects of treating this disease, high cost and permanent use, it seems necessary to achieve new therapeutic agents with better conditions. Venom as a part of the vital system of venomous creatures is pharmacologically active compounds. In this review study, we investigated the effect of different venoms on blood glucose levels and some serum biochemical parameters in diabetic animals. Materials and Methods: International online databases prior to December 2022 (Google Scholar, Pubmed and Web of Science) were searched singularly and in combination, using English and Persian language keywords: Diabetes, Venom and Blood glucose. The validity, accuracy and clarity in each document was evaluated. Validated reports were then sorted for the study area, year of study, the number of animals studied and methods used in generating the report. Results: Since the first related study in 1930, a total of 120 reports were found, of which 40 sources were excluded in the evaluation of validity and accuracy. The first study on the effect venom on blood glucose were about ninety years ago, Epstein reported that Naja flava increase the level of blood glucose of rabbits. Seventeen years later, Grasset reported the same results. After that, Muhammad and his colleagues reported the raising effects of Egyptian scorpion, bee and Echis carinatus venoms on rabbits\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' blood glucose. In 1959, Muhammad also reported that the hypoglycemic effect of the lethal doses of the venom of the Walterinnesia aegypta did not occur in alloxan-induced diabetic rats after pancreatectomy. Mabez in 1968 reported that injection of the lethal dose of cobra venom did not alter blood glucose levels in healthy rats and even had no effect on the concentration of glucose, glycogen, and lactate in the liver and muscles. Two years lator, another study report that injection of lethal dose of the Egyptian cobra venom increased the level of blood glucose in dogs during glucose tolerance. In 2011, Ivas showed that the bee venom non-significantly and transiently increased blood glucose in rabbits. In contrast, Roudbari in 2012, reported that the venom of Anderoctonus crassicauda significantly decreased the blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In 2012, Mousavi showed that bee (Apis mellifera) venom significantly decrease blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol level while serum insulin levels were significantly increased. Finaly in 2019, Abdel-Rahman showed that the venom of Scorpio maurus palmatus in alloxan-induced diabetic mice reduced the level of blood glucose. Conclusion: Based on these data, we concluded that venoms can be a potential candidate for the effective control of diabetes.

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