Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy in men worldwide. Some reports have indicated the relation between infertility and increased risk of prostate cancer, which might be related to abnormalities in the Y chromosome. On the other hand, common treatments applied to prostate cancer can result in male infertility due to affecting sperm development or movement. Thus, it is important to improve the treatment strategies for targeted therapy to reduce the side effects. 15-lipoxygenase-1 is an enzyme that metabolizes polyunsaturated fatty acids into physiologically important metabolites. This enzyme is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells, and treatment with potent inhibitors would benefit cancer treatment. Here, we report the application of some coumarin derivatives, which resulted in specific inhibition of this enzyme and thus reduced proliferation and invasion of the cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we used small extracellular vesicles as a drug delivery system to increase the efficacy of the treatment.

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