Legumes have a significant role in increasing soil sustainable fertility. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) could be a significant part of agricultural sustainability. To investigate the PGPB-induced alterations in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) morpho-physiological traits, nutrient absorption, and dry matter production, an experiment was carried out with two levels of seed priming (unprimed and PGPB bio-priming) and four fertilization methods (control, PGPB fertigation [B], nutrients foliar application [F], and B+F. The results indicated that the highest leaf nitrogen (5.22 %) was observed in PGPB bio-priming and nutrients foliar application treatments by 1.7 times greater than the control. The highest leaf potassium and phosphorus were observed in the B+F-treated plants, which were 1.19 and 2.14 times higher compared with the control, respectively. The B+F-treated plants showed the highest leaf K+/Na+ ratio which was ∼3 times higher compared with the control. The seed-primed plant\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s leaf, stem, and total plant dry matter were 34, 13, and 24 % greater than the unprimed treatment, respectively. B+F also increased the leaf, stem, root, and total dry matter of plants by ∼50, 45, 37, and 47 %, respectively, compared with the control. Generally, the combined treatment (seed bio-priming + PGPB fertigation + nutrients foliar application) more efficiently improved the fenugreek morpho-physiological traits and dry matter production.

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