Organic agriculture has become increasingly important in recent years due to concerns about the environmental impacts of conventional farming practices and the need for sustainable and healthy food production. Pepper is a widely used spice all over the world, its organic production not only reduces the negative environmental impacts of conventional agricultural practices, but also makes it a healthier choice for consumers who are concerned about the potential health risks associated with chemical inputs. This study aimed to compare the production of Dalkani variety of Capsicum annuum under organic and conventional cropping systems in different crop densities (5, 7 and 10 plant.m-2). The experiment was carried out in 2021 at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. During the growing season and in the harvesting stages, plant growth characteristics, yield and yield components were measured. The results showed that conventional and organic cultivation systems did not have significant differences in most plant growth traits, but the effect of density was significant. The highest yield of fruit and seeds was observed at the density of 10 plant.m-2 in the conventional farm. The maximum (25.77 ± 4 t.ha-1) and minimum (14.94 ± 5 t.ha-1) fruit yield were observed at the density of 10 plant.m-2 in the conventional and 5 plant.m-2 in the organic farm, respectively. The results showed that the organic cultivation of the studied pepper variety can have competitive yields compared to conventional farming under a well-managed agriculture.

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