Lameness referred to any change in gait and posture that is an outcome of discomfort or pain resulted in low mobility of the cow. Lameness is one of the most important casuses of economic losses in dairy farming. Pain, discomfort and reducing total animal welfare resulted in direct and indirect loss of animal production. Lameness is the second or third major cause of economic loss following mastitis and infertility. Estimated loss in north American herds recoded as 10-50 % and in England lameness estimated to have 32-36% of total economic losses, that is somehow the same in Iran. Because of geographical variation and methods of scoring systems, different prevalence of lameness were reported in Iran. In 2014 prevalence reported between 11.1-54.5 % in Kermanshah and subclinical lameness (Scores 2-3) recorded as 59-67%. Climatic condition, management, housing, feeding and ratio, genetics may affect on lameness prevalence. Digital causes of lameness devided into infectious (digital dermatitis, interdigital necrobacillosis and interdigital dermatitis), and noninfectious causes (sole hemorrhage, white line disise and sole ulcers). Some treatments for lameness control can be done as repetitive actions on a regular besis (eg. Hoof trimming, hoof bathing etc) and some others can be done as a salvage method (digital amputation) however, some actions needs a strategic look at dairy farming (eg. Bedding quality, heat stress control, stocking density, etc) all these actions are not only useful in lameness control but also is effective for controlling other health issues like mastitis.

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