The article introduces a novel method for the production of barium sulfate nanoparticles (BaSO4-NPs), which was executed utilizing a particular methodology that entailed the reaction between barium chloride and sodium sulfate. FT-IR, PXRD, UV–Vis, FESEM/EDX, TEM, and PSA analyses were employed to approve the fabrication of BaSO4-NPs. The XRD pattern showed that the NPs had a higher occurrence of the orthorhombic phase with the Pnma space group. Furthermore, the synthesis of BaSO4-NPs was confirmed utilizing FTIR analysis, which displayed their strong bands. The FESEM pictures of BaSO4-NPs exhibited spherical morphology and uniform distribution. The proficiency of photocatalysis by BaSO4-NPs was evaluated in the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye. After 150 min, the observed degradation percentage was 89%. In the current research, the cytotoxicity of the BaSO4-NPs was studied on normal mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cell and cancer mouse melanoma B16F0 cell lines and the IC50 value was 823.8 µg/mL for cancer B16F0 cells and the results revealed a slight reduction in the viability of cancer cells compared to normal cells

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