The Afghanistan pegmatite belt, renowned for its vast resources of rare-metals, has emerged as a crucial focal point for geological exploration and resource assessment since 1960. This study delves into the existing literature, offering insights into the lithium resources, challenges and prospects within this belt while pinpointing areas that require further studies. Spanning a considerable expanse of approximately 900 kilometers by 200 kilometers in a SW-NE orientation, the Afghanistan pegmatite belt stands out for its rich deposits of rare metals such as Li, Cs, Ta, Nb, Rb, Be, Sn, and W, alongside industrial minerals (mica, quartz and feldspar) as well as gem-quality minerals (gem quality spodumene, tourmaline, garnet, beryl, etc.). With average grades of 1.7% Li2O, 9% Cs2O, around 0.025% Ta2O5 and over 0.03% Nb2O5, these pegmatites represent a valuable resource. These pegmatite bodies, which can reach kilometers in length and meters in width, are associated both spatially and genetically with the third phase of Oligocene granites (S-Type) and have intruded surrounding metamorphic rocks, granites, diorites, and gabbro of different ages. The future prospects of the Afghanistan pegmatite belt are promising, with the potential to play a pivotal role in meeting the escalating global demand for lithium and other rare-metal elements. As ongoing research continues to unveil the untapped potential of this region, the Afghanistan pegmatite belt is offering valuable opportunities for sustainable resource development and economic growth.

Keywords