Background: COVID-19 has shortly brought many changes to people\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s lives. The current research aimed to explore how the social resilience of the residents of a local neighborhood was affected by these changes. Method: The present case study was conducted in spring, 2021, using in-depth interviews and field observation in Tawheed neighborhood of Gonabad city, Iran. A purposive sampling was used to select the interviewees with a maximum variety. Interviews continued until data saturation which occurred when the 17th participant was interviewed. To analyze the data, a directed qualitative content analysis and David Byrne and Gil Callahan\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s complexity approach was used. Results: The local residents’ social resilience during the pandemic was explained in light of the complexity theory. A total number of 4 categories and 13 sub-categories were extracted: uncertainty of the disease (uncertainty of information about the disease, no common understanding of the disease, no common norms of health behaviors, unknown aspects of the disease), features of connectivity and network of social relationships (perceived common benefits, family cohesion, access to online social networks), initial states and availability of sources (unstable living conditions, poor health facilities, structure of the neighborhood), Interaction of micro- and macro-factors (trust in healthcare systems and leaders, financial rules and policies). Conclusion: The social resilience of the residents of the local neighborhood during the pandemic was influenced by many factors largely related to their initial states. To improve social resilience, it seems necessary to carry out effective interventions based on local and indigenous capacities.

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