This study explores the performance enhancement of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems through the integration of microencapsulated phase change material (ME-PCM) slurry and twisted tape inserts. Efficient cooling is essential for PVTs because high temperatures negatively impact electrical performance. In this approach, the ME-PCM slurry serves as a dual-function coolant with high latent heat capacity, while the twisted tape inserts improve fluid mixing and convective heat transfer. Experiments are carried out under controlled solar simulation, using different ME-PCM concentrations and flow rates. The optimal configuration (5% ME-PCM slurry at a flow rate of 45kg/h combined with twisted tape inserts) achieved a 13.5% increase in thermal efficiency, a 1.2% gain in electrical efficiency, and up to a 25°C reduction in surface temperature compared to the baseline water-cooled system. Exergy efficiency is improved by 9%, reflecting enhanced overall system performance. Economic analysis showed a reduction in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) to 0.0841USD/kWh. Additionally, environmental assessment indicated a carbon dioxide (CO2) payback period of 0.98 years and lifetime CO2 savings of 1606kg. These results demonstrate that combining ME-PCM slurry with twisted tape inserts is an effective strategy for improving energy efficiency and sustainability in PVT systems. The present study shows strong potential for use in hybrid renewable energy systems in hot climates and building-integrated photovoltaics.

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