Background and aims Alzheimer\\\'s disease (AD) is the most common dementia characterized by progressive cognitive decline, such as memory dysfunction. Urolithins are the products of the hydrolysis of ellagitannins, synthesized by intestinal microbiota in the distal segment of the gastrointestinal tract. They show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitophagy-inducing properties, making them potentially effective on neurodegenerative diseases. This research aims to explore the protective effects of Urolithin A and B on learning and memory, as well as anxiety-like behaviors, in male rats with the Alzheimer\\\'s disease model induced by streptozotocin. Methods In the present study, ten groups were investigated through Passive Avoidance and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) behavioral tests after a two- week period following stereotaxic surgery. Results The results indicate that intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin caused a decrease in the delay in entering and an increase in the time spent in the dark compartment (Fig. 1). However, treatment with Urolithin A and B resulted in a significant increase and decrease of these two parameters, respectively, indicating an improvement in memory function. Furthermore, the negative control group exhibited a significant reduction in the percentage of open arm time (%OAT) and open arm entries (%OAE), suggesting raised anxiety (Fig. 2). While treatment with Urolithin A and B notably increased the %OAT and %OAE. Conclusions Treatments with Urolithin A and B, probably due to the above- mentioned properties, improve learning and memory function as well as anxiety-like behaviors which suggest the therapeutic potential of Urolithins in Alzheimer\\\'s disease.

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