Chemical Science, Volume (16), No (32), Year (2025-1) , Pages (14485-14495)

Title : ( Breaking the heavy-atom paradigm: weak-donor-engineered triplet harvesting in BODIPY photosensitizers for immunogenic pyroptosis therapy )

Authors: Hyeong Seok Kim , Hyeonji Rha , Mohammad Izadyar , Supphachok Chanmungkalakul , Haiqiao Huang , Xiaogang Liu , Jong Seung Kim ,

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Abstract

Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based dyes emerge as promising agents for phototherapy; however, traditional methods to enhance spin–orbit coupling (SOC) through halogenation introduce dark toxicity and limit therapeutic applications. Here, we present a thiophene-bridged BODIPY functionalized scaffold with carbazole-benzothiophene (Cbz-Bth) substituents at the 2,6-positions. This design employs a weak yet semi-rigid donor to destabilize charge-transfer (CT) states, enabling T2-mediated spin–orbit chargetransfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). The resulting photosensitizer, Cbz-Bth-BDP, demonstrates effective reactive oxygen species generation and the photocatalytic transformation of biomolecules such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and cytochrome c (Cyt c). Notably, Cbz-Bth-BDP induces pyroptosis by activating gasdermin E (GSDME), leading to cell swelling and the release of intracellular content. In a 3D tumor spheroid model, Cbz-Bth-BDP significantly inhibits tumor growth by reducing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. This study highlights the advantages of accessing higher excited triplet states and positions Cbz-Bth-BDP as a promising, heavy-atom-free photosensitizer for cancer treatment through pyroptosis activation.

Keywords

, heavy, atom; Weak, donor; Triplet harvesting; BODIPY; Photosensitizer; Pyroptosis; Cancer therapy
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@article{paperid:1103893,
author = {Hyeong Seok Kim and Hyeonji Rha and Izadyar, Mohammad and Supphachok Chanmungkalakul and Haiqiao Huang and Xiaogang Liu and Jong Seung Kim},
title = {Breaking the heavy-atom paradigm: weak-donor-engineered triplet harvesting in BODIPY photosensitizers for immunogenic pyroptosis therapy},
journal = {Chemical Science},
year = {2025},
volume = {16},
number = {32},
month = {January},
issn = {2041-6520},
pages = {14485--14495},
numpages = {10},
keywords = {heavy-atom; Weak-donor; Triplet harvesting; BODIPY; Photosensitizer; Pyroptosis; Cancer therapy},
}

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%0 Journal Article
%T Breaking the heavy-atom paradigm: weak-donor-engineered triplet harvesting in BODIPY photosensitizers for immunogenic pyroptosis therapy
%A Hyeong Seok Kim
%A Hyeonji Rha
%A Izadyar, Mohammad
%A Supphachok Chanmungkalakul
%A Haiqiao Huang
%A Xiaogang Liu
%A Jong Seung Kim
%J Chemical Science
%@ 2041-6520
%D 2025

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