Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains a significant zoonotic concern, particularly affecting the liver in humans and animals. Surgical intervention is a mainstay of treatment. This study compares surgical approaches, open, laparoscopic, and novel techniques between human and veterinary medicine. Methods: A comparative literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and CAB Abstracts (2008–2023). Selected articles focused on surgical techniques, recurrence rates, complications, and recovery times in humans and veterinary patients. Results: In human cases, laparoscopic surgery demonstrated superior outcomes, with reduced recurrence rate (3–5%) compared to open surgery (up to 12%), and shorter lengths of hospital stays (2–4 days vs.5–8 days). Postoperative complications such as biliary fistulas occurred in 5% of laparoscopic cases versus 17% in open surgeries. The Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration (PAIR) technique showed acceptable results in selected patients, with minimal invasiveness and low complication rates. In veterinary cases, especially in large animals, open surgery remains predominant technique due to logistical constraints. Studies in sheep and cattle showed longer recovery periods and higher postoperative complication risks, partly due to limitations in anesthesia, intraoperative imaging, and postoperative care. Laparoscopic attempts in small ruminants have shown promising results but remain limited to academic centers. Conclusion: The surgical advancements in human CE management, particularly the shift toward laparoscopic and minimally invasive techniques, provide a valuable data for developing veterinary surgical protocols. Generalization these techniques to veterinary medicine, especially for improved recovery and lower recurrence, could significantly increase outcomes in animals.

Keywords