This study investigates the co-electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan (PVA-CS) with cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) and silk fibroin-collagen (SF-Col) with vitamin D3 for diabetic wound healing applications. The SEM results showed smooth, bead-free nanofiber structures. The diameters of the SF-Col and PVA-CS nanofibers ranged from 168 ± 51 nm to 1956 ± 450 nm and 211.4 ± 37.2 nm, respectively. By surface modification using fetal bovine serum (FBS), CeNPs dispersion was enhanced. The average diameter of the uniformly distributed fibers on the SF-Co-D/PVA-CS-CeNPs nanofibers was 621.4 ± 50.6 nm. The addition of CeNPs and vitamin D3 improved cytocompatibility at lower doses. The FTIR test confirmed polymer interactions. Contact angle measurements indicated increased hydrophilicity. SEM analysis demonstrated excellent adhesion and growth of L929 fibroblast cells and significant HUVEC migration on SF-Col-D/PVA-CS-CeNP mats, emphasizing their potential to support cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Blood compatibility assays exhibited hemolysis percentages below 2 %, classifying the nanofibers as non-hemolytic. Antibacterial tests revealed significant reductions in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa survival, addressing infection concerns in chronic wounds. Furthermore, in vivo studies have demonstrated that the utilization of SF-Co-D/PVA-CS-CeNPs nanofibrous membrane as a dressing for full-thickness skin wounds in rats has resulted in accelerated tissue regeneration. Graphical abstract

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