Background: Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for causiiiiiiiiiiiing abortion ln cattle. Understandlng the genetlc dlverslty of N. caninum ls cruclal for better comprehenslon of lts epldemlology and the ldentlflcatlon of dlfferent stralns. Mlcrosatelllte markers, due to thelr hlgh polymorphlsm and ablllty to dlstlngulsh between varlous stralns, have become powerful tools for genotyplng N. caninum and studylng lts genetlc structure. Methods: We systematcally searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for artcles publshed up to May 2025 usng keywords such as \\\'Neospora cannum\\\', \\\'mcrosatellte\\\', \\\'genetc dversty\\\', and \\\'genotypng\\\'. The genotypng methods dscussed n the revew prmarly focus on the use of mcrosatellte markers, wth PCR amplfcaton protocols and electrophoress technques employed for the dentfcaton and analyss of varous strans. Results: The applcaton of mcrosatellte markers has revealed extensve genetc dversty among N. caninum solates globally, challengng the ntal percepton of a genetcally unform speces. The populaton structure s prmarly clonal, mantaned by vertcal transmsson, but also shows geographcal varaton. Addtonally, these markers have been useful n dentfyng transmsson sources and understandng ecologcal nteractons between hosts and envronmental factors. Methodologcal advancements, partcularly the development of hghly senstve nested and multplex PCR assays, have been crucal for successful genotypng from clncal samples, whch often contan low quanttes of paraste DNA. Conclusion: Mcrosatellte markers have proven to be nvaluable tools for genotypng Neospora caninum, provdng nsghts nto the genetc dversty and epdemology of the paraste. These markers, especally when used for dentfyng dfferences between varous strans, contrbute to a better understandng of ther role n transmsson and pathogeness of N. caninum nfectons. These fndngs can drectly nform strateges for controllng and preventng dseases caused by ths paraste n lvestock anmals. Overall, the applcaton of mcrosatellte243 markers n future studes, partcularly for trackng new strans and dentfyng drug-resstant genotypes, should be emphaszed

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