Background: Aedes spp., particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are major vectors of several globally significant arboviral diseases such as Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and Yellow Fever. Due to climate change, globalization, and increasing urbanization, the geographical range of these vectors is expanding, raising concerns about their potential establishment in new regions, including Iran. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of Invasive Aedes species distribution, associated health threats, and control strategies, with a special focus on the Iranian context. Methods: This narrative review was conducted by searching international and national scientific databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Magiran. Keywords such as “Aedes,” “Aedes aegypti,” “vector-borne diseases,” “dengue,” and “Iran” were used. Studies related to the ecology, epidemiology, and control of Aedes spp. and their associated viruses were reviewed and qualitatively synthesized. Results: Evidence suggests that Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have been reported or detected in southern and northern provinces of Iran, including Hormozgan, Bushehr, and Mazandaran. Favorable environmental conditions, limited vector surveillance, and lack of targeted control programs may facilitate their establishment. The potential risk of arboviral outbreaks in Iran is heightened by insufficient public awareness and inadequate preparedness systems. Conclusion: Given Iran’s climatic and ecological vulnerability, the risk of Invasive Aedes expansion and associated viral epidemics is real and increasing. Integrated vector surveillance, early warning systems, and public education are essential components for effective prevention and control.

Keywords