The expression of myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD plays a crucial role in the growth and differentiation of skeletal muscle tissue. In recent years, the application of antisense oligonucleotides, including DNA interference (DNAi) techniques, has garnered considerable interest as a molecular tool for modulating gene expression. Concurrently, resistance training has been recognized as a potent physiological stimulus that activates molecular pathways involved in muscle hypertrophy and regeneration. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of antisense oligonucleotide injection via the DNAi methodology on MyoD gene expression in the context of resistance training in male Wistar rats. In this experimental investigation, subjects were randomly assigned to five groups: control, resistance training, NPTO (unmodified DNAi), PTO, and PTO3. Resistance training protocols were conducted over a period of seven weeks, with oligonucleotides administered intraperitoneally. MyoD gene expression levels were quantified using Real-Time qPCR analysis. The data demonstrated that the NPTO group exhibited the highest mean level of MyoD gene expression; however, the intergroup differences did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Similarly, the expression levels in the resistance-trained group did not significantly differ from those observed in the control group. The findings suggest that the combined application of the DNAi technique and resistance training may lead to a reduction in MyoD gene expression in the examined conditions, although this effect was not statistically significant. Future research should consider optimizing treatment parameters, extending intervention durations, and employing alternative injection modalities to enhance the efficacy of the intervention.

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