This article investigates the nature of governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran through the conceptual framework of governmentality and by employing the genealogical method. Genealogy examines the relationship between knowledge and power, while governmentality focuses on how systems of knowledge shape political institutions and modes of governance. Within this analytical framework, the article explores the process through which post-revolutionary political thought in Iran became governmentalized, addressing the question of which epistemic systems generated specific political institutions, what kinds of structures and networks of power emerged from them, and how these structures interact with one another. To conceptualize the governmentality of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the article proposes and elaborates a four-layer analytical model, which provides a framework for understanding both the structural logic of governance and the behavioral patterns of the Iranian political system. For the genealogy of each of the theocratic, bureaucratic, democratic, and militaristic power structures, the study identifies and analyzes their respective specialized vocabularies, key concepts and epistemic systems, prominent theorists and interpreters, the processes of institutional formation or their pre-modern antecedents, and the political institutions associated with each structure within the Islamic Republic. Finally, through a critical and diagnostic assessment of the performance of each structure, the article examines the relevant actors and institutions, as well as their interactions with other configurations of power. The central conclusion is that the Iranian nation-state after the Islamic Revolution is characterized by four distinct structures of power, and that without a systematic understanding of these structures, it is not possible to adequately analyze policymaking processes in the Islamic Republic of Iran

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