Introduction: Cognitive failures (CFs) during driving significantly contribute to traffic accidents and fatalities. This study aimed to investigate neurophysiological markers of CF in drivers using electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: Thirty taxi drivers were classified into high and low CF groups based on CF questionnaire (CFQ) scores. EEG signals were recorded during eyes-closed rest and eyes-open Go/No-Go (GNG) tasks to assess brainwave patterns and lobe-specific activation. Statistical analyses included t-tests, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlations. Results: Drivers with high CF showed reduced delta, theta, and gamma activity—particularly in the temporal and occipital lobes—suggesting impaired cognitive processing. In contrast, low- failure drivers exhibited increased delta, theta, and alpha power in frontal and occipital regions. Elevated beta activity in the parietal lobe of high-failure drivers may reflect compensatory processing. Gamma power was consistently lower across all brain regions in this group. Conclusion: These results highlight specific EEG frequency bands as potential objective markers for identifying CF in drivers, offering implications for early cognitive assessment and the development of evidence-based safety strategies in driving contexts.

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