Background: Acute pancreatitis often represents a challenging diagnostic condition in canine practice. The swelling of pancreatic tissue can mechanically press on adjacent bile ducts, occasionally leading to visible jaundice. Because the clinical manifestations often overlap with those of other systemic disorders, establishing an accurate diagnosis requires an integrated evaluation of clinical data, supported by laboratory and imaging findings. Methods: A 3.5-year-old, 50 kg, intact male Khorasani dog was presented to the Ferdowsi University Veterinary Clinic with a five-day history of profound lethargy, loss of appetite, and noticeable jaundice. A detailed physical examination, along with abdominal ultrasonography, was initially conducted, followed by blood and biochemical analyses to assess liver and pancreas function. Results: Clinical findings included pronounced dehydration, severe mucosal icterus, and abdominal pain. Ultrasonography revealed marked pancreatic enlargement, severe gallbladder distension, increased small intestinal wall thickness, and hyperechoic kidneys without free abdominal fluid. Hematology revealed mild leukocytosis (20400/ μL) and thrombocytopenia (44 × 103/μL). Biochemical analyses demonstrated marked increases in BUN (312 mg/dL), creatinine (17.4 mg/dL), total bilirubin (22.46 mg/dL), mild elevations in ALT (270U/L), AST (283U/L) and GGT (10U/L), sixfold increase in ALP (923.9U/L), and severe elevations in amylase (4618 U/L), lipase (2212 U/L), and phosphorus (29.4 mg/dL). These findings were consistent with acute pancreatitis associated with probable biliary tract obstruction and cholestasis. Conclusion: This case represents severe acute pancreatitis with concurrent jaundice and multi-organ involvement, suggesting an advanced destructive process with guarded prognosis. Early ultrasonographic and biochemical evaluations are essential for accurate diagnosis in dogs with severe pancreatitis with non-specific clinical signs.

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