Achillea eriophora is an important species of Achillea that is native (Endemic) in Iran. It grow exclusively in the South Provinces especially “Fars” province. It contains higher level of essential oils in comparison to other species. Objective and aims: Study on the essential oil composition of Achillea eriophora DC. in wild conditions and comparison to field condition. Methods: Top flowering part of the Achillea wild population collected from “Jahrom” (South of “Fars” province) on June 2006 then seeds of this plant cultured in September 2006 in Mashhad condition. On July 2007 at full flowering stage, top flowering parts harvested. After drying, essential oils of the samples were extracted by “Clevenger”. Essential oils constituents determined by GC and GC-MS. Results: The results showed that essential oils yield in wild and field condition were 2 % and 2.25% v/w respectively. In wild condition thirty compounds identified that the major component were: Camphore(30.4%), 1,8-Cineol (25.24%), Camphen (6.21%)، α-Pinen(4.49%) and Myrcene(3.91%). Thirty-six components determined in the cultivated condition and the main components were: Camphore(28.98%), 1,8-Cineol (26.98%), Camphen (5.98%) and α-Pinen(4.23%) . Conclusion: Essential oil percentage and components numbers increased in field conditions while in this conditions components amount reduced.

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