Field experiment was carried out at the Ferdowsi University research field, Mashhad, Iran in 2007, to determine the best level of N-fertilization in relation to plant density of improved chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. Asteraceae) cultivars. The experimental design was splitplot on the base of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Main plots were plant density including 20, 25, 40 and 50 plant/m2 and subplots were nitrogen (Urea, 46% nitrogen) including 0, 10 and 20 g/m2. The results indicate that in “Bodegold”, increasing plant density and N-fertilization improved flower and essential oil yield significantly. The highest yield and essential oils content in “Bodegold” was detected in 20 g/m2 urea with 50 plant/m2 density. In “Germania”, plant density had significant effect on flower and essential oil yield (but no urea treatment). Maximum flower and essential oil yield obtained in 50 plant/m2 density. Using 10 g/m2 urea produced maximum essential oil content and yield, whereas the highest dry flower yield was obtained using 20 g/m2 urea. The combined effect of nitrogen and plant density had significant effect on dry flower yield. The highest dry flower yield was obtained using 20 g/m2 urea with 50 plant/m2 density.

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