A selection experiment was initiated in 2000 in an Afshari sheep flock at the department of animal breeding and genetics of the University of Zanjan, Iran. The aim was to evaluate the response of Afshari sheep to selection for yearling live weight. Here, we evaluate the results of this breeding program obtained between 2000 and 2005. Traits studied were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (WWDG) and average daily gain from weaning to yearling age (YWDG). Mixed model methodology based on a multi-trait animal model was employed to estimate (co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters. Estimates of breeding values were obtained by the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) method. Generation intervals on the four genetic pathways were estimated as the average age of parents at the birth of their progeny kept for reproduction. The heritability estimates were 0.34, 0.27, 0.14, 0.20 and 0.01 for BW, WW, YW, WWDG and YWDG, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations among traits studied were positive, and ranged from low (0.07, YW/WWDG) to high (0.76, YW/YWDG). Genetic improvements over the experiment based on estimated breeding values were 0.104, 0.824, 1.247, 0.005 and :0.00 kg for BW, WW, YW, WWDG and YWDG, respectively. Annual genetic gain for YW was relatively high, 0.311 kg yr1, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the implemented breeding program. Correlated responses in BW, WW, WWDG and YWDG were 0.021, 0.167, 0.001 and :0.00 kg yr1, respectively. Estimates of heritabilities and observed genetic trends indicated that selective breeding can lead to significant genetic improvement in Afshari sheep. The average generation interval was estimated to be 3.35 yr. The shorter generation interval was observed on the sire side compared with the dam side (3.30 yr vs. 3.78 yr), indicating faster generation turnover for sires than for dams.

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