Sheep as a domestic animal have played a key role in food resources of Iranian plateau and many breeds are raised in this area. The Moghani sheep is a multiparus breed, native to the North West and west of Caspian Sea. Four mitochondrial maternal lineages (haplotype Groups A, B, C and D) have been found in the domestic sheep yet. In order to investigate the distinct of mitochondrial maternal lineages in this breed as a fundamental phylogenic question, 10 DNA samples were extracted from blood samples of unrelated sheep. The HVR1 region of mtDNA was amplified with specific primers using PCR. The Hyper variable region one (HVR1) fragment of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced, alingned and compared with similar data in other sheep breeds (Ovis areis) from all over the world. A total of 5 haplotypes were identified from 10 samples. The phylogeny tree showed that this breed belongs to haplotype group A. Balochi breed of Iran and a Turkish sheep breed were nearest to it And this was predictable because of geographical vicinity. The Branch style tree was drawn for analyzed samples in A haplotype group and results suggest that the Ovis Oarial can be the origin of Asian breeds. Finally the consensus sequence was registered in NCBI under the accession number FJ531545.

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