Introduction: The term \"parental cognitions about infant sleep\" refers to parental perceptions, attitudes, expectations, and interpretations about infant sleep. Just recently, researchers have taken interest in investigating the role of \"parental cognitions about infant sleep\" in infant sleep. Therefore, only a few studies have examined this issue. Nevertheless, these limited studies have shown that \"parental cognitions about infant sleep\" are related to infant sleep development and patterns and also infant sleep problems. Objectives: This study examined the results of various studies related to the relationship between infants sleep problems and \"parental cognitions about infant sleep\". Method: A library study and review of the literature was conducted. Results: Studies have shown that many factors are involved in creating infants\' sleep problems, and \"parental cognitions about infant sleep\", mother\'s cognitions in particular is one of the most important of these factors. \"Parental cognitions about infant sleep\" guide parental behavior about their infants’ sleep and will directly affect infants’ sleep. On the other hand, it has been shown that there are important differences between cognitions of fathers and mothers about the child\'s sleep. Conclusion: Parental perceptions of the child behavior are significantly associated with child development. Incorrect perceptions of parents about infant sleep may also lead to excessive interference or lack of parental involvement in the child\'s sleep; each of these factors may contribute to the child\'s sleep problems. Therefore, training parents to help them to develop right perceptions about infants’ sleep may prevent the development of sleep problems in infants.

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