The brush-tailed mice of the genus Calomyscus are distributed in the mountains of central Asia and the Middle East. This genus representing the four already known species from Iran (C. bailwardi, C. granis, C. hotsoni and C. elburzensis).The morphological differences among ten populations of the genus Calomyscus were investigated using landmark-based geometric morphometrics of the left mandible and Fourier analysis of the first lower molar. Statistical analyses demonstrated that three species of this genus (C. elburzensis, C. grandis and C. hotsoni) overlapped in the first lower molar centroid size but C. bailwardi was differentiated by a smaller size. Although mandible size was statistically identical among the four species, the results of Canonical Variate Analysis analysis based on mandible and especially first lower molar morphometrics discriminate also four morphological groups, corresponding to the four recognized species with C. grandis being the most distinctive.

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