Objectives: Several species of the Plasmodium species are the causal organism for avian malaria. If the parasite load is sufficiently high, the bird begins losing red blood cells causing anemia, progressive weakness, declines in food consumption and activity levels, loss of up to 30% body weight. There any report about the bird malaria in Iran. This is the first report of Plasmodium sop infection in pigeon Materials & Methods: Two adult pigeons (Columba livid) from Mashhad area were submitted to parasitology Laboratory for diagnosing of infection. Pigeons were weak and lost their body condition. They also suffered from lice infestation. Blood samples were collected from infected pigeons. First, Smears were prepared and stained with Geisha and then, examined by light Microscope. Different stages of Plasmodium sop were found with 3% parasitemia in blood smears .The shape of trophozoites were ring forms, ranging from 1-2 µm in size .The schizonts with averaging 5-8×3-5 µm were observed in blood smears .The Gametes in infected red blood cells were speriod, oval and pear shaped and they had pigments. Conclusion: This is the first report of malaria in pigeon of Iran. It seems the causative species of malaria is Plasmodium relictum and need to molecular phylogenic study

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