3rd Interdisciplinary Tourism Research Conference , 2014-05-24

Title : ( The Role of Tourism Infrastructures in Tourist Attraction to Rural Areas )

Authors: neda rezaye , Maryam Ghasemi ,

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Abstract

Introduction Tourism, in some past decades is considered as one of the main and most controversial concepts of rural development, because using natural and cultural capabilities existent in rural areas can have an important role in village restoration to life, creating job opportunities and revenue for rural people, taking care of natural, historical, and cultural heritage, and finally in solid and stable rural development (Soteriades, 2009:36). But formation of tourism in rural areas and its development is not possible without “infrastructures and tourism services”, since infrastructures and services along with tourism attractions are accounted for as the main factors forming tourism spatial structure. The existence of beneficial tourism infrastructures in rural areas will provide the tourists with further traveling while responds to their needs. Rural residences on Salehan Dehestan in Markazi province like other rural residences of Iran have various (natural and cultural) tourism attractions but these are not the reason for attracting tourists by themselves and there is a need for appropriate tourism infrastructures. In this relation, knowledge about infrastructures and tourism services can be effective in tourism planning and development. The present study, besides inspecting the tourism infrastructures in four dimensions of health, relation, infrastructure, and service in the villages of Salehan Dehestan, is after studying the effect of tourism infrastructure in attracting tourists to these areas. So the research questions are brought up as follows: 1. Are tourism infrastructures effective in attracting tourists to the under study villages? 2. Which one of the infrastructuredimensions has been more effective in attracting tourists to the under study villages? Literature Review By studying the literature of this subject it was found out that various sources have investigated the effective infrastructures in tourist attraction from different dimensions. Sadr Musavi and DakhiliKohanmui (2008) evaluated tourism facilities of AzarbayjanSharghi from the tourists’ viewpoints and give some suggestions for optimum use of the existent tourism capabilities and facilities. Emphasizing the importance of “ethical issues and dilemmas” in tourism, Agheorghiesei, D. T. (2013) notes that there is not enough studies focusing on this aspect of tourism. B Seetanah et.al. (2013), in a study showed the importance of some effective factors in tourism one of which was island infrastructure. This study has taken into consideration the whole background of this research and it is difference from previous studies in this matter that while quantifying the rural tourism infrastructures in four dimensions in separation, it investigates the tourism infrastructures effect on attracting rural tourists and it tries to identify the most effective dimension in attracting rural tourists. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study and analysis unit is “village”. The subjects are all the villages with residents (24 villages) in Salehan Dehestan in Markazi province. Considering all the under study villages, sampling was not done. Data gathering was in track document way. The data related to tourism infrastructures and the average annual tourists was gathered in separation with the questionnaire (in track way). Then using the Technique for Order Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) which is one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making, the tourism infrastructure score was determined for each one of the 24 villages. In the present study 25 tourism infrastructures and services in 4 dimensions of health care, communicational, commercial, foundational as the tourism infrastructures were investigated as independent variables. Communicational infrastructures have been asphalt access, transmission office, public access to internet, access to public vehicles. “health care” infrastructures has included bath access, health care centers, pharmacy, doctor, dentist, health care assistant. “Commercial” infrastructures have included car repair shop, restaurant, cooperative society, store, bakery, bank and houses for accommodation. And “foundational” infrastructures have included gas station, electricity, gas plumbing, water plumbing, and water purification system. According to unequal importance of each of these infrastructures, the level of each of them was measured in separation. It should be noted that the scale of the under study variables have been interval and relative.To determine the level of the effect of tourism infrastructures (independent variables) on tourist attraction (dependent variable) Linear Regression and multi-variable Linear Regression in Stepwise method was used in Spss. Results To measure and prioritize the infrastructures and tourism services in the under study rural accommodates TOPSIS technique was used. In this technique, a hypothetical alternative is considered as the positive ideal alternative and another hypothetical alternative as negative ideal alternative, and the interval between all the alternatives are calculated by these two. The final alternative must have the least interval from the positive ideal and at the same time the most interval from negative ideal (Poor Taheri 2011: 118). The obtained results in this way in Table 1 (last column) show that Goldasht, Varabad, Khugan, and Aznojan with .99, .52, .44, and .30 respectively have the best facilities and tourism infrastructures.It should be noted that determining the existent infrastructures can be effective in developing tourism. Table 1: villages of Salehan Dehestan based on research variables and TOPSIS results. village population Number of tourists (dependent variable) Health care infrastructures Communicational infrastructures Foundational infrastructures Commercial infrastructures Interval from negative ideal interval from positive ideal tourism infrastructures (Independent variable) Goldasht 1873 5000 19.5 45.5 7 48.5 69.417 0.020 1.000 Varabad 744 4000 5 24.5 3 27.5 37.169 33.278 0.528 Khugan 645 1500 18.5 24.5 4 12.5 33.162 41.780 0.443 Aznojan 698 1500 8.5 21.5 3 3.5 23.383 52.309 0.309 MishijanOlia 679 1500 4.5 18.5 3 7 20.285 51.871 0.281 ImamzadehYojan 217 5000 4.5 15.5 3 4 16.628 55.852 0.229 Tanjeran 324 500 4.5 9.5 3 11 15.215 54.238 0.219 Khoravand 392 500 10 8 3 7 14.595 56.860 0.204 Ghasemabad 89 450 0 12.5 3 5 13.463 58.101 0.188 Zoraghan 99 200 0 12.5 3 1 12.540 61.152 0.170 GhaleYojan 77 2000 5 10.5 3 3 12.010 59.327 0.168 MishijanSofla 175 300 0 10.5 3 3 10.920 60.743 0.152 GhaleAfshar 79 300 0 10 3 0 10.000 63.299 0.136 Heydarabad 40 100 0 9.5 3 0 9.500 63.581 0.130 Hosseynabad Sadat 49 100 2.5 7 3 1 7.500 63.574 0.106 Razan 344 500 2.5 7 3 0 7.433 64.324 0.104 Seyedabad 117 200 0 6.5 3 2 6.801 63.856 0.096 Jafarabad 164 300 2 6.5 3 0 6.801 64.758 0.095 Majdian 31 50 0 6.5 3 1 6.576 64.588 0.092 Vapileh 52 400 0 6.5 3 0 6.500 65.327 0.090 Mahmoodabad 12 50 0 6.5 3 0 6.500 65.327 0.090 Divkan 83 100 0 6.5 3 0 6.500 65.327 0.090 Hajiabad 20 100 0 5.5 3 1 5.590 65.197 0.079 Akbarabad 41 50 0 0 3 1 1.000 68.708 0.014 Sources: authors To investigate the level of infrastructures and tourism facilities effects on the number of rural tourists of Salehan Dehestan Linear Regression was used (Table2). According to Adjusted R Square, 58 percent of dependent variable variance (number of tourists) was explained by independent variable (tourism infrastructures). Table 2: summary of Linear Regression about the effect of tourism infrastructures on the number of tourists in rural areas Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate dimensio0 1 .774a .599 .581 1042.550 a. Predictors: (Constant), tourism infrastructures Table 3: the level of the effect of tourism infrastructures on the number of tourists in rural areas Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -193.956 306.691 -.632 .534 tourism infrastructures 6061.965 1056.729 .774 5.737 .000 a. Dependent Variable: the number of tourists So the equation of Regression with standard Beta is: the number of tourists= -193.9+0.774 (tourism infrastructure). According to t measure and sig<0.05 it can be concluded that the variable under consideration (tourism infrastructure) has significant statistical effect in explaining dependent variable. Also, sig=0 of F in ANOVA means that independent variable can explain the dependent variable well .To investigate the level of the effect of different dimensions of tourism infrastructure on tourist attraction, multi-variable Regression analysis was used. The obtained results showed that only “communicational infrastructures” enter into equation. According to Adjusted R Square which was obtained to be .578, the only entered dimension (communicational infrastructures) in Regression analysis explains 57.8 percent of the effective factors on tourist attraction in rural areas. According to the Regression results and Beta measure (.772) communicational infrastructures are the most effective dimension in tourist attraction in this rural district. So, the Regression equation with standard Beta coefficient is: The number of tourists=-533+0.772 (communicational infrastructure) Conclusion and Implications In creating rural tourism, natural and cultural attractions are in the center and all the of the other tourism factors as infrastructures and tourism facilities are beside this center. The present study, aiming at investigating the role of tourism infrastructures in tourist attraction in rural areas of Salehan Dehestan was conducted. According to Adjusted R Square, in Linear Regression, 58 percent of dependent variable variance (tourist attraction) was explained with independent variable (tourism infrastructures). Also, the results of multi-variable regression analysis showed that from four defined dimensions in the research, only communicational infrastructures come into equation. According to Adjusted R Square, in Regression, 57.8 percent of the effective factors in tourist attraction are explained with communicational infrastructures. The obtained results of this study are in line with those of Khadaroo and Seetanah (2008) which emphasizes the importance of transportation in tourism place attraction, and also they are in line with Nilanjan (2012) which was conducted in Bishapoor of India. This study could introduce the most effective infrastructure in increasing the coming tourists in rural areas and based on this study, increase in the number of tourists is dependent on inevitable development of communicational infrastructures.

Keywords

, Tourism Infrastructures, rural Tourism, Iran, rural development
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@inproceedings{paperid:1040492,
author = {Neda Rezaye and Ghasemi, Maryam},
title = {The Role of Tourism Infrastructures in Tourist Attraction to Rural Areas},
booktitle = {3rd Interdisciplinary Tourism Research Conference},
year = {2014},
location = {istanbul, IRAN},
keywords = {Tourism Infrastructures; rural Tourism; Iran; rural development},
}

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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T The Role of Tourism Infrastructures in Tourist Attraction to Rural Areas
%A Neda Rezaye
%A Ghasemi, Maryam
%J 3rd Interdisciplinary Tourism Research Conference
%D 2014

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