cytauxzoon felis is a hemoparasite that infected domestic and wild felids. The life cycle of C. felis is composed of two stages including intraerythrocytic phase known as a piroplasm and intraleukocytic phase termed a schizont. Wild cats are known as natural reservior hosts C. felis and rarely display clinical signs. A free ranging, 2.5-year-old male Arabian wild cat was presented with a 3 days history of anorexia, lethargy and hind limb lameness. Physical examination findings included depression, dehydration and body temperature of 39.3 °C. Pelvic radiographs demonstrated comminuted and multiple fracture of right femoral bone in mid shaft with fissure fracture. Hematologic analysis revealed a mild normocytic normochromic anemia, neutrophilia, eosinopenia, lymphopenia and parasite consistent with cytauxzoon felis. The degree of parasitemia was 0.5 %. Biochemical changes included; increased ALT, AST, ALP and GGT serum activity, hypercholesterolemia and hyperbilirubinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperproteinemia and hyperfribrinogenemia. The cat is dead after 4 days. This is the first detection of a C. felis in wild Felidae in Iran. Because most Iranian wild felids are endangered, knowing whether Cytauxzoon infection represents a threat for these animals is important.

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