The Common Pheasant(Phasianuscolchicus) Linnaeus, 1758is widely distributed in temporal to subtropical regions of the Palearctic realm. Populations of Common Pheasanthave been grouped into five groups based on morphologicalvariations in male plumages. Previous phylogeographic studies have been focused on subspecies groups in east Palearctic. In this study, we for the first time analyzed subspecies of all five defined groups of Common Pheasantin the Palearctic region. We used two mitochondrial (CYTB and CR) and two nuclear loci (HMG and SPI) to investigate genetic relationships of the five morphological groups and to infer their dispersal routes. Our multi locus data supported the five defined groups of Common Pheasant. We further showed that the eastern group, torquatus, is located at the basal of phylogenetic trees, which confirm a previous hypothesis that the Common Pheasant most probably evolved in the forests of Southeast Asia. On the other hand colchicums group appeared to be the recent evolved group among others.Our demographic analysis suggested that the Common Pheasant experienced a rapid and recent range expansion. We suggested two routes fordispersal of Common Pheasant from East to West; tarim-mongolicus, colchicums and the tarim-principalis routes

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