Purpose: Inflammation is a pathologic response to peripheral damages that have signs such as warming, irritation, and swelling. Present study is to investigate and comparison the anti-inflammatory effects between the heated and unheated flower hydroalcoholic extracts of Cannabis sativa. Methods: Heated and unheated extracts of flower top of female cannabis plant were prepared. A solution of Saline and DMSO were used as vehicle. 28 male wistar rats weighting 200-250g in four groups including: control, sham, heated flower extract and unheated flower extract (i.p. injected with 50 mg/kg) were tested by formalin-induced paw edema volume to measure inflammatory-induced paw edema with plethysmometeric method. Results: The unheated hydroalcoholic extract showed more anti-inflammatory effect on formalin-induced paw edema volume and reduced inflammatory-induced paw edema volume (p<0.05). Conclusion: Carboxylated cannabinoids in unheated extract probably act as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs which have a carboxyl group and show strong inhibitory effects on cycloxgenase1,2 and able to decrease the formalin-induced paw edema.

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