Childhood traffic injury is an important problem for child health. Safe traffic behavior requires perceptual and cognitive abilities. It also requires compliance with traffic rules. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between traffic rule knowledge, traffic danger perception, moral judgment, self-regulation and traffic rule compliance among preschool children. It also examined gender differences across the study variables. A sample of 100 children within the age range 3-6 years old participated in the study. Traffic rule knowledge, danger perception, and rule compliance were assessed through interviewing each child using photos of traffic situations. Two components of self-regulation, impulse control and following adult’s direction was assessed by Tower Task, Tower Clean Up and Toy Sorting Task of Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment. Moral judgment was assessed by Piaget’s task of stealing/clumsiness. Significant positive relationships among rule knowledge, danger perception, and self-reported rule compliance were found. Faster following adult’s direction predicted higher self-reported rule compliance over and above that of danger perception and rule knowledge. There were no significant gender differences in all the variables. The implication for educational programme is to improve traffic rule knowledge, traffic danger perception as well as self-regulation of young children.

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