In this work, the nearly pure hexagonal phase of lanthania nanoparticles (NPs) was successfully synthesized using three methods: microwave, sol–gel, and hydrothermal. The samples were characterized using nine techniques including powder X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopscanning electron microscopy, field emission microscopenergy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, far infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. This study showed that the method of synthesizing lanthania NPs can affect the size, which in turn has impact on structural, morphological, and optical properties.

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