Mentha mozaffarianii Jamzad, is an endemic mint species from Iran. Six species and several subspecies of this genus are found in Iran, among which just M. mozaffarianii is endemic. In this research essential oil content and composition of diploid and autotetraploid (Induced by colchicine) genotypes of this species were studied. At full flowering stage, the plant samples of two genotypes with four replication were harvested and after drying, essential oil content (by Clevenger) and components (consist of 34 combinations with GC-MS apparatus) were measured. The results showed significant differences among treatments on some factors measured. Essential oil content significantly differ between diploid and tetraploid genotypes, such that oil content in diploid genotype 1.44% W/V and in tetraploid genotype 2.60% were determined (80.61% in oil content was occurred because autertraploidy). Ploidy level had significant effect on some major constituents of M. mozaffarianii. The most essential oil content that affected by ploidy including Menthone (2.48% and 5.74% in diploid and tetraploid genotypes respectively), Pulegone (12.7% and 17.6% in 2x and 4x genotypes respectively), trans-Piperitone epoxide (7.97% and 14.47% in 2x and 4x genotypes respectively) and Piperitenone (36.93% and 21.61% in 2x and 4x genotypes respectively). Also, some other content changed because autetraploidy [1, 2]. References [1] Mozaffarian V. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhange Moaser: Tehran, 2004. [2] Adams, R.P. Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Allured: Carol Stream IL, 2001.

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