The objective of the present study is to enquire into the effects of a sustained-release simvastatin in collagen-polyglycolic acid scaffold on bone formation in the rabbit calvarial critical size defect. A study was carried out to examine if maximum bone regeneration with less inflammation would be attained by amalgamating an optimal dose of simvastatin with collagen-Polyglycolic acid scaffold, which is an osteoconductive biomaterial capable of releasing the drug slowly.To induce critical-sized calvarial defect in the 10 nominated adult New-Zealand rabbits we bored four holes measured 5-mm-diameter into each head, and filled them with preparations of different doses of simvastatin (0.5 mg, and 1 mg) blended with Collagen-Polyglycolic acid, Scaffold alone or left empty. Five animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks and the rest of them after 8 weeks and examined histologically.Statistical analysis divulged that in a 4 weeks’ time period the difference between control group and simvastatin 0.5mg group and control group and simvastatin 1mg group were statistically significant with the P value <0.05. In an 8 weeks’ time period the difference between control group and simvastatin 0.5mg group and scaffold group and control group were statistically significant as P <0.05. Only in the scaffold group the difference between the four-week group and the eight-week group were statistically significant (P=0.008). When combined with collagen-Polyglycolic scaffold, 0.5mg simvastatin is the optimal dose for the arousal of the maximum bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects without causing inflammation and it could be applied as an effective bone graft material.

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