Introduction and Objectives: Brucellosis is considered to be the most important bacterial zoonosis in the world. The disease causes huge economic losses in many developing countries such as Iran, where the control programs have not succeeded and the annual incidence rates of the human and animal brucellosis are still high. This study presents the annual prevalence rates of brucellosis in humans and animals and their relationship with the annual vaccination rates in recent ten years in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 15 national and international publications and 200 subjects on brucellosis from 2008 to 2018 and the annual rates of brucellosis and vaccination were collected and analyzed with SPSS software v19. Results: In overall, 166 468 cases of brucellosis in humans were reported with an annual average of 16 647 cases (3.32% of global cases) for the past ten years in Iran (P<0.05). The maximum and minimum incidence rates of the disease were reported in 2008 (21 109 cases) and in 2011 (12 248 cases), respectively. The incidence rate of the disease did not follow a linear trend (P<0.001) and there was no significant relationship between the annual rates of brucellosis and vaccination. More information has been mentioned in full version of this study. Conclusion: Control of brucellosis in Iran through the comprehensive vaccination, without studying and knowing the effect of vaccines in target populations, may not be associated with good results and lead to failure of control programs.

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