A wound is a break in the epithelial layer of the skin that may be accompanied by impairment in the normal structure and function of the tissues involved. Wound healing is a necessary element for a successful health care. For this reason, finding methods for accelerating wound healing is of utmost importance. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the use of animal tissues, cell products, and biological waste for treating wounds. Bovine vitreous humor is a gel that is rich in collagen and hyaluronic acid and is considered to be a slaughterhouse waste, and can therefore be a good candidate for the production of biological dressings. Objective: Production of biological dressings from bovine vitreous humor. Hypothesis: Bovine vitreous humor accelerates the process of wound healing. Method: The cow’s eye was opened from the cornea and parts of the sclera were detached to provide access to the vitreous humor. Then, sections were taken separately from the central and posterior parts of the vitreous humor. In this study, we used male rats of the Wistar strain weighing between 200 and 250 g. Three wounds 6 mm in diameter were created on the back of each rat. One wound was treated with povidone iodine (BETADINE®) and the other two wounds were treated separately with the posterior and central sections of the vitreous humor. For macroscopic study the wound diameter was measured with a caliper on the first, third, fifth, eighth, and fourteenth days after treatment. The data was subjected to a statistical analysis.For microscopic analysis On days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 14 after treatment, tissue samples were taken from the wounds. After fixing, sectioning, mounting on slides, and staining, the sections were photographed and were subjected to statistical analysis using the ImageJ software. Results: Based on the statistical analysis of the data collected from the macroscopic observations, the decrease in the wound diameter in the specimens treated with vitreous humor on the first and third days had no statistically significant difference with the control group. Macroscopic observations showed that the decrease in wound diameter on the fifth day was significantly larger in specimens treated with vitreous humor than in the control specimens. Also, on the eighth day, wound healing rate had increased in samples treated with central section of vitreous humor. Furthermore, macroscopic analysis showed that treating with vitreous humor had a negative effect on the wound healing process on the fourteenth day of treatment. In microscopic analysis, the treatment and control groups were compared on the first, third, fifth, eighth, and fourteenth days for inflammatory cell density, angiogenesis, epithelium thickness, development of granulation tissue, and presence of hair follicles. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment and control groups on the first and third days. On the fifth day, density of inflammatory cells was higher in the treatment group compared to the control group. Epithelium was thicker and blood vessels, granulation tissue, and hair follicles were more developed. On the eighth day, epithelium thickness, number of inflammatory cells, and development of blood vessels were higher in the wounds treated with central vitreous humor compared to the control group or the wounds treated with posterior vitreous humor. On the fourteenth day, epithelium thickness, number of inflammatory cells, and development of blood vessels were higher in the control group compared to the treatment groups. Conclusion: Based on its long-term negative effect on wound healing, bovine vitreous humor is not an acceptable candidate for production of biological dressings.

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