Objective (s): Bone marrow is one of the main sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with high proliferative potential. They are able to generate mature cells of a particular due to these special properties, MSCs are considered one of the most promising types of stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Snake venom is a complex mixture of different compounds including peptides, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, minerals etc., with variety of pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vipera albicornuta (zanjani) and viperalatifii (lattifii) venoms on behavior of mesenchymal stem cells in culture media. Materials and Methods: MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and transferred to flasks with culture medium, containing (10%) fetal bovine serum, (1%) penicillin streptomycin and (0.1%) amphotericin B. The cells cultures were maintained at 37° C in 95% air and 5% CO2. Mesenchymal stem cells were attached to the bottom of the flask in 4-5 days. The cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 µg/100µl) of mentioned venoms for 24, 48 and 72 hours in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay and the optical absorption of each well was measured using an ELISA reader at 570 nm. Results: The maximum cell viability have been observed at concentration of 1 and 2 µg/100µl of vipera albicornuta and vipera latifii venoms after 48 and 72 hours respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that, the mentioned viper venoms can affected the confluence and behavior of the MSCs.

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