Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) belong to a large group of proteins called GTPases. G-proteins act as molecular switches within the cell and contribute to the transmission of messages and stimuli from outside to inside the cell. G-Protein consists of three subunits, including α, β and γ. The subunit α has a GTP connection and GTPase activity. Although plants have only a small number of genes encoding G-Protein units, nevertheless, these proteins are involved in a wide range of biological processes and also these proteins are important as pathogenic factors in plant and animal pathogens. G-Proteins play an important role in several physiological processes, including plant defense against tensions. In recent years, significant advances have been made in recognition of the G protein signaling network. Recently, the direct involvement of G proteins in defense responses has been demonstrated using biochemical and genetic analysis. Due to the lack of information on the role of these proteins in plant defense, the use of classic and inverse genetic techniques and biochemical methods to identify G-proteins and their functions in biological systems can be helpful to increase our understanding of the mechanisms involved in biochemical and physiological processes associated with pathogenicity of fungi in plants, animals and humans, which leads to discovery of new and effective methods for controlling destructive pathogens.

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