Snake venom is a complex mixture of diff erent compounds which have potential pharmacological properties and may aff ect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study we investigate the eff ects of two Iranian vipers; vipera albicornuta and vipera latifi i crude venoms on the viability of MScs in vivo and in vitro. Th e cells in in vitro tests were treated with diff erent concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μg/100μl) of mentioned venoms for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Th e cells in in vivo experiment only were treated with v. Latifi i venom at the concentration of 1μg/100μl and time intervals as in vitro tests. Th e cell viability in in vitro experiment was assessed using MTT assay. Th e results of in vitro experiments showed that maximum cell viability was observed at concentrations of 1 and 2 μg/100μl of v. albicornuta and v. latifi i venoms aft er 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Th e results of in vivo experiment showed that the cells treated with v. Latifi i venom for 72 hours in situ have the highest proliferation rate aft er passages three, four and fi ve in comparison to control. Th e results of this study showed that the v. albicornuta and v. latifi i venoms can aff ect the confl uence and viability of the MSCs.

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