In many countries, including Iran, development has created widespread water pollution. Given the water crisis, it is very important to prevent the contamination of water resources. The problems associated with pollution require more attention in a country like Iran, which naturally faces water shortages, since these problems are increasing day by day due to population growth and increasing human activities. Around the world, arsenic and other heavy metals are the main causes of water pollution and water-related health outcomes in humans, in addition to making water non-consumable. Therefore, this study aimed to highlight these issues by briefly reviewing the water crisis in Iran and introducing the Heavy Metals Health Risk Assessment Index for water, according to EPA standards. Heavy Metal Health Risk Assessment helps decision makers and managers of water resources to formulate appropriate policies to ensure the safety and health of communities and the proper implementation of industrial development programs. The study and use of health risk assessment techniques for heavy metals are integral to our understanding of exposure to heavy metals and other pollutants. This understanding is gained through investigating exposure to different concentrations of heavy metals and comparing the results with standards proposed by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Continuous monitoring of heavy metals in water can illustrate current conditions, help predict future conditions, and facilitate proper management and protection of water resources in the face of water crises by changing water resource management practices.

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