Background and objective: The problem of obesity and its related complications are adversely affecting human society. We studied the effects of gassericin A, a bacteriocin produced by the intestinal bacteria, on adipocyte differentiation and development. Design: Gassericin A was purified from Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 and was added to the culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells in two phases: Phase 1, 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with gassericin A while being induced to adipocytes (days 1-7); phase 2, the cells were incubated with the bacteriocin after being induced to adipocytes (days 8-12). The resultant changes in the pattern of expression of some of the important genes involved in adipogenesis were evaluated by RT-qPCR. The viability of cells and their numbers were also studied. Results: In phase 1 of the study, the levels of transcripts for stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD-1), zinc finger protein 423 (zfp-423), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) genes were significantly reduced, while that of 422ap2 gene showed a significant increment (p<0.05). In phase 2, the zfp-423 gene showed a reduction of expression and the 422ap2 gene showed an increase in expression (p<0.05). The other genes including UCP-1 and TNF-α did not show any significant changes in neither of the groups. Gassericin A did not affect the morphology or viability of the cells, however, the numbers of cells had nearly doubled in the treatment groups. Conclusion: It seems that gassericin A could significantly alter the properties of adipocytes while they are in the process of development and after they have developed.

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