The tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus causes a destructive zoonotic disease named cystic echinococcosis (CE), a crucial global issue for the public health sector. Nowadays, human hydatid disease is a worldwide challenge, and it is considered a recurrent disease in locations where it was formerly at low rates. Significant attempts and studies have been put into controlling and preventing the transmission of E. granulosus from dogs to humans, but the outcome is not considerable. An outstanding trait of the intermediate host-parasite relation is the host\'s protective immunity against infection by the oncosphere phase of taeniid cestodes. Due to this noble trait, we can develop different approaches to control hydatid disease through livestock vaccination. Moreover, the cestode isolates are barely distinguished, and due to a lack of knowledge about reaction mechanisms, their effect on innate immunity is not entirely tested. Yet, issues related to these topics regarding the purification of immunostimulatory molecules, their side effects, and their action on parasites remain struggles that need to be discussed. This review discusses multiple facts challenging autoimmune and immune responses guarding E. granulosus against suppression to reduce intense host damage.

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