Background: Radio-immunotherapy works by targeting cancer cells with radiolabeled antibodies, which are specifically designed to bind to receptors on the surface of cancer cells. The radiation emitted by the radionuclides damages the cancer cells, leading to their death. The cytotoxicity of the radionuclides is due to their emission of α or β particles, which have high linear energy transfer and short ranges, making them highly effective in killing cancer cells. This study aims to investigate previous studies related to radiotherapy and immunotherapy for enhanced treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: The study searched nine different databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Magiran, SID, Medline, Embase, and Lilacs, for articles published between January 2000 and January 2023 on the combined use of radiotherapy and immunotherapy to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Out of the articles found, twenty were selected for the study based on having complete abstracts. The data from these articles were extracted and analyzed using R version 4.2.1, an artificial intelligence software. The analysis was conducted on interconnected papers. Results: In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, radioimmunotherapy may be particularly effective due to the presence of certain receptors on the surface of cancer cells that can be targeted with radiolabeled antibodies. For example, the receptor for gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is highly expressed in PDAC, making it an attractive target for radioimmunotherapy. Other potential targets include Mesothelin, which is overexpressed in PDAC, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which is expressed in various cancers, including PDAC. Conclusion: In conclusion, radioimmunotherapy using α- or β-emitting radionuclides has emerged as a promising treatment option for PDAC. Developing selective and cytotoxic radioimmunoconjugates targeting specific receptors expressed in PDAC can potentially overcome the limitations of conventional treatments and improve patient outcomes.

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