Background: Initiated by a variety of complex mutations, such as oncogenes activating and tumor suppressors inhibiting, cancer is a leading cause of death. Gene editing with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) has attracted considerable interest, enabling research into the mechanism of cancer growth and developing precise therapies. This study aims to utilize the CRISPR-Cas9 technique for cancer research, its challenges, and possible solutions, emphasizing its potential for cancer therapy. Methods: Nine databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Magiran, SID, Medline, Embase, and Lilacs) were searched for published articles on CRISPR-Cas9 for cancer therapy from January 2000 to January 2023. Twenty affiliated articles with complete abstracts were included in this study. All data were extracted from interconnected papers and analyzed with R version 4.2.1 artificial intelligence software. Results: CRISPR/Cas9 is a genetically modified prokaryotic antiviral immune system that attacks viral infections and employs RNA-guided nucleases to remove foreign DNA. It consists of two sections: single-stranded guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 endonuclease. Then, the sgRNA guides the Cas9 endonuclease to attack the desired gene\\\'s DNA with a specific sequence. The genome DNA is fixed by the double-stranded break (DNA-DSB) repair processes following separation. Human Lung tumors with molecular characteristics and histopathological can be induced in mice via chromosome rearrangement and CRISPR Cas9-mediated gene editing. Furthermore, CRISPRCas9 has been employed to prevent several breast cancer types. Conclusion: The positive results given by these proven modifications indicate that in the future, chemists should take a riskier approach-research needs to examine what chemistry is best for developing CRISPR therapies and other in vivo techniques for fighting cancers.

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