Fungi are ubiquitous and essential to ecosystem functioning and biotechnology and have been estimated to have a global value of US$ 54.57 trillion annually. This is the eleventh in a series of Mycosphere notes where we provide entries on new species and higher taxa, new host records, MYCOSPHERE 15(1): 1294–1454 (2024) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/15/1/11 ARTICLE 1295 geographical (country) records, and habitat records of fungi. Species boundaries were defined using polyphasic approaches based on morphology and molecular phylogeny. In the set of notes, we introduce ten new species, Conlarium multiseptatum, Co. yunnanense, Cudonia gracilistipitata, Cu. yunnanensis, Cyathicula dioscoreae, Cy. rusci, Helminthosporium guizhouense, Neopestalotiopsis neomaricae, Plectania submilleri, and Plenodomus shangrilaense. In addition, we reveal ecological relationships of Ascomycota including 22 new host records (Apiospora guizhouensis, A. phyllostachydis, Colletotrichum dematium, Distoseptispora suoluoensis, Dothiorella plurivora, Gloniopsis calami, Junewangia lamma, Kirschsteiniothelia atra, Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis, Letendraea helminthicola, Melomastia winteri, Nectria asiatica, Neoostropa castaneae, Nigrograna magnolia, Nigrospora macarangae, N. oryzae, N. sphaerica, Parasporendocladia bactrospora, Plenodomus artemisiae, Pseudoacrodictys deightonii, Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae, and Torula mackenziei); five new geographical records (Caesiodiscus populicola, Codinaea aseptate, C. fertilis, Mycotribulus indonesiae, Tricladium terrestre, and Vaginatispora nypae); seven recognitions of both new host and geographical records (Allocryptovalsa rabenhorstii, Barriopsis stevensiana, Distoseptispora thysanolaenae, Massarioramusculicola chiangraiensis, Peroneutypa longiasca, Phomatospora uniseriate, and Thyridaria aureobrunnea); five newly identified habitat records (Conlarium sichuanense, Distoseptispora crassispora, D. nonrostrata, Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola, Talaromyces variabilis); one new host and habitat record (Distoseptispora dehongensis), and one new host, geographical and habitat record (Amphisphaeria uniseptata). An unusual asexual Basidiomycota, Mycotribulus indonesiae (Physalacriaceae), was revealed as a new geographical record. Furthermore, we provide new molecular data for all 52 collected species belonging to two phyla, six classes, 20 orders, 30 families and 39 genera. A list of all genera discussed in Mycosphere notes 1–520 is provided. The fungal species were found as endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes on plant material and litter substrates from terrestrial, freshwater, and cave habitats in China, Italy, Iran, and Thailand. This study extends our understanding of fungal taxonomy, biodiversity, ecology, and distribution, and encourages future research in unexplored geographies, habitats and among fungal hosts that have yet to be studied.

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