Background: Polyphenols are typically used as micronutrients. In addition, due to their significant roles, they have gained considerable interest in the field of biomaterials. One potential source of polyphenols for use in biomaterials is the ethanolic Extract of Propolis (EP). Propolis is a natural resin produced by honey bees, and its extract exhibits strong antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Polyphenols in EP serve as potent antioxidants and can also function effectively as natural binders. The geographical origin, extraction method, and extraction conditions of the extract can influence the polyphenol content and the structure of polyphenolic compounds within the ethanolic extract of propolis. In this research, Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze propolis ethanolic extract, aiming to determine its geographical origin and assess its antioxidant content through the DPPH assay. Additionally, electrospun fibers were fabricated using PVA incorporated with EP, while the intermolecular interactions between the matrix and the extract were examined. The presence of EP in the fibers was evaluated using Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) microscopy. Materials and Methods: To determine the work methodology, it is crucial to acknowledge that the extraction method significantly influences the quantity and composition of the resulting compounds. In this study, extraction was conducted using 70% alcohol with continuous agitation for 48 hours at 37 degrees Celsius. To enhance the extraction process and prevent thermal degradation, ultrasonic waves were applied for 10 seconds, followed by concentration of the obtained extract via rotary evaporation. Compound analysis was carried out using GC-MS, and the assessment of antioxidant activity was performed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. We fabricated the desired scaffolds, incorporating specific concentrations of PVA and EP, through the electrospinning technique. Finally, we analyzed the chemical structure and thermal stability using FTIR and examined the constituents\\\' interaction through SEM. Results: The GC-MS analysis of EP identified multiple compounds in the propolis ethanolic extract, such as hydroxycinnamic acid and coumaric acid. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, esters, and terpenes in EP. Structural analysis of the scaffolds indicated that fibers enriched with phenolic compounds from propolis create a more homogeneous and suitable matrix. The investigation of DPPH confirmed that the biological activity and efficacy of the electrospun fibers are linked to the unique chemical composition of propolis and its antioxidant activity. Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate the suitability of propolis extract for biomaterial applications, attributed to its beneficial polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. Structural analysis revealed that the incorporation of polyphenols from propolis extract into the electrospun matrix of polyvinyl alcohol improved fiber stability, acting as a natural linker. This dual role of polyphenols not only enhances antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes but also reinforces the fiber structure.

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