Diagnostics and treatment of parasitic diseases can be improved by using nanoparticles, as a new approach in medicine. Nanotechnology\\\'s features, including improved drug bioavailability, enhanced specific targeting, and reduced side effects, have attracted researchers. Although nanoparticles may be useful for treating parasitic diseases, they face challenges such as risk of toxicity, biostability, production cost, and accurate evaluation of effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. The current review aims to comprehensively review the existing challenges and provide suggested solutions to improve the therapeutic applications of nanoparticles in this field. To collect data, articles published in reputable scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in the last decade were reviewed and analyzed. The results of the studies showed that significant progress has been made in the design and optimization of nanocarriers for the treatment of parasitic diseases. Recent studies have shown that various nanoparticles, including lipid, polymer, metal, and dendrimer nanoparticles, have the potential to improve the efficacy of antiparasitic drugs. However, studies have shown that some nanoparticles may cause cytotoxicity and bioaccumulation, leading to adverse inflammatory responses. Moreover, one of the important challenges in this field is the uneven distribution of nanoparticles in the body and the possibility of their rapid elimination by the immune system, which can reduce their effectiveness. On the other hand, the high cost of production and the lack of specific standards for evaluating the safety and efficacy of these nanoparticles are considered as obstacles to their transfer to the clinical stages. Finally, it is suggested that future research should focus on the development of biocompatible nanoparticles, long-term safety evaluation, and improvement of drug targeting methods. Also, combining nanoparticles with conventional antiparasitic drugs can help increase the therapeutic effect and reduce drug resistance.

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